Written by: Angie Carter, Health Writer at Shed
If you’ve looked into hair-loss treatment, you’ve probably heard of minoxidil, the active ingredient in hair products like Rogaine. It’s one of the few FDA-approved treatments for androgenetic alopecia, a common form of hair loss for both men and women.
Let’s dive into what it is and how it works.
What is minoxidil?
Fun fact for the day: one of the best ingredients for hair-loss treatment wasn’t originally used to treat hair loss. Minoxidil was first developed in the 1970s as an oral medication for high blood pressure. But doctors and patients soon noticed an unexpected side effect: excessive hair growth. Thus, a new way of treating hair loss was born.
A decade later, a topical minoxidil was FDA-approved to treat hair thinning and balding. Today, it’s available over the counter in 2% and 5% topical solutions or foams. More recently, low-dose oral minoxidil is being prescribed off-label by healthcare providers for patients seeking help with alopecia.
How does minoxidil work?
Minoxidil is a vasodilator, meaning it widens blood vessels (hence its original use in blood pressure medications). When applied to the scalp, the increased circulation helps deliver oxygen and nutrients to the hair follicles, promoting healthier, stronger hair.
It also helps prolong the anagen (growth) phase of the hair cycle, helping users grow thicker, longer strands over time. Many have found minoxidil to be highly effective, but it is known to work best in early-stage hair loss and requires consistent use to maintain results.
Who should use minoxidil?
Minoxidil is a go-to treatment for a variety of hair-loss issues, including:
- Men and women with androgenetic alopecia, including male and female pattern baldness
- Those with gradual thinning at the crown or temples
- People who want to boost the results of other treatments, like finasteride or microneedling
Because of its versatility and effectiveness, minoxidil is often the first line of treatment recommended by dermatologists and hair-loss specialists.
Common side effects of minoxidil
Minoxidil is generally well-tolerated, but like any medication, it can cause side effects—especially when used without medical guidance. Side effects will vary depending on whether you’re using a topical or oral treatment.
Topical minoxidil side effects
- Scalp irritation: Dryness, redness, or flaking, especially in alcohol-based formulas
- Shedding: A temporary increase in hair fall—known as “dread shed”—may happen during the first few weeks of treatment as follicles shift phases
- Unwanted hair growth, such as on the face or neck
- Itching or dermatitis: Often due to propylene glycol, an ingredient in some formulas
Oral minoxidil side effects
- Low blood pressure or dizziness: One of the intended effects from its original use as blood pressure medication
- Cardiovascular effects, such as fluid retention or swelling (edema) and rapid heartbeat
- Facial hair growth: One of the most common side effects
- Rare but serious reactions: These include chest pain or lightheadedness, which should be reported immediately to a healthcare provider
A few other things to keep in mind when taking minoxidil:
- Results take time. You’ll typically start seeing results after 3–6 months of consistent use, so stick with it and be patient!
- Stopping treatment can erase any progress you’ve made. Once you stop treatment, you’ll gradually lose any hair growth you’ve gained.
- Using the right strength and format (foam vs. solution vs. oral) can help minimize side effects. Consult with a medical provider to determine which option is best for your needs.
Is minoxidil safe?
For most people, yes—as long as it’s used as directed. Topical minoxidil is available over the counter, but oral minoxidil should always be prescribed and monitored by a medical provider due to potential systemic effects.
Shed’s approach to hair-loss treatment
At Shed, we take a personalized, science-led approach to hair-growth support. Our products include minoxidil as the main ingredient and are available in topical and oral forms. Our providers will help determine which option is the right fit for you and how to manage or avoid side effects.
Visit tryshed.com to learn more about our hair products. And be sure to check out our blog for more answers to your hair questions!
Know before you try
Minoxidil is one of the most trusted ingredients in hair regrowth, and for good reason. But it’s important to remember that it’s not a magic fix—few treatments are. However, understanding how minoxidil works and the side effects to watch out for will help you get the most from your treatment.
Interested in trying a hair-loss treatment? Book a consultation with Shed today to find the best approach for your hair needs.
Minoxidil FAQs
How long does it take for minoxidil to work?
Most people start to see results after about 3 months of consistent use.
How long does dread shed last?
Temporary increased shedding when you first start using minoxidil is normal. This happens because minoxidil can shorten the telogen (resting) phase of the hair growth cycle, so old hairs are pushed out to make way for new, thicker hair. But don’t worry—the “dread shed” typically lasts just a few weeks.
How long do I need to take minoxidil?
You will need to take minoxidil for as long as you want to see results. Once you stop treatment, any hair regrowth will gradually fall out.
What should I do if I experience side effects?
Talk to your medical provider about any side effects you have, especially if you are taking an oral treatment.
Can women take minoxidil?
Yes, minoxidil is safe and effective for both women and men. Unwanted side effects can occur though, like facial hair growth. Many women still find that the benefits outweigh the side effects.
Which is more effective, oral or topical?
Both forms of minoxidil have been shown to have comparable effectiveness in treating hair loss. The choice between the two often comes down to personal preference, tolerance, and risk factors, all of which you will discuss with your provider before starting treatment.
Visit tryshed.com today to start the process for hair-loss treatment.
*This content is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.
